What is Absolute Value?
The distance a number is from zero
The absolute value tells us how far a number is from zero on the number line.
It’s a measure of distance, so it is always either positive or zero, but never negative. For example:
- The absolute value of 5 is 5, because it is 5 units away from zero.
- The absolute value of –5 is also 5, because it’s the same distance from zero, just in the opposite direction.
We show absolute value using vertical bars:
- |7| = 7
- |–7| = 7
- |0| = 0
Understanding absolute value helps students make sense of numbers and how they relate to each other. It gives them the tools to:
- See symmetry on the number line by showing how far a number is from zero, no matter the direction
- Work confidently with both positive and negative numbers in math problems
- Solve real-world and algebra problems, like finding distances or comparing differences
When Do Students Learn About Absolute Value?
Students are introduced to the idea of distance on the number line in elementary school, but they begin using the formal concept of absolute value in middle school and beyond.
Grades 6–7 – Introduction to Absolute Value
Students learn what absolute value means and how to use it when comparing positive and negative numbers. They explore it through number lines and real-world contexts.
Grades 8+ – Absolute Value in Algebra
Students apply absolute value in algebraic expressions, inequalities, and functions. They also solve equations involving absolute value and interpret it in more complex situations.
