What is an Operation in Math?
A process, such as addition, substitution, or transposition, performed according to specified rules
In math, an operation is a process we use to work with numbers. It follows a set of rules to help us solve problems or compare quantities. The four most common operations are:
- Addition: Finding the total of two or more numbers
- Subtraction: Finding the difference between numbers
- Multiplication: Combining equal groups
- Division: Splitting a number into equal parts
We use operations every day, whether we’re adding up a receipt, dividing snacks among friends, or figuring out how much more time is left in a game.
In more advanced math, operations also include things like:
- Substitution (replacing a variable with a number)
- Transposition (rearranging terms in an equation)
Understanding operations helps students make sense of how numbers work together and how to approach different types of problems.
When Do Students Learn About Operations?
Students begin learning about basic operations in early elementary school and continue developing their understanding through increasingly complex problems.
Preschool & Kindergarten – Beginning Number Sense
Students start with simple addition and subtraction using objects or drawings.
Grades 1–2 – Learning Basic Operations
Students learn the symbols and rules for addition, subtraction, and begin early multiplication.
Grades 3–5 – Mastering All Four Operations
Students apply addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division to solve word problems and multi-step equations.
